Integrated Environmental Observations and Methods of Measurement - a Case Study of the Holy Cross Mountains

obligatory courses

Geology I 4030-GEO1
Geology II 4030-GEO2
Hydrogeology with Hydrogeochemistry 4030-HYDROG-CW

The student should be able to recognize rocks by macroscopic method, understand basic concepts of tectonics, such as anticline, syncline, angular incompatibility, structural floor, folding, orogenesis. He should recognize and name the basic species of plants and trees, know the principles of botanical classification, be able to use a botanical key, freely use botanical Latin names.

Geology: Practical application of the knowledge acquired in full-time classes. The student makes independent recognition of rocks in the field, application of basic knowledge of stratigraphy, tectonics, sedimentology. Makes an independent attempt to reconstruct fossil geological environments on the basis of observations in selected rock profiles. The goal is to learn about the geological structure of the Holy Cross Mountains.

Botany: Presentation of selected types of plant communities, natural and anthropogenic, characteristic of the Chęciny and Bald Mountain subregion. Learning about the plant cover of the land of the Swietokrzyskie Mountains.

Environmental Protection: Issues in the protection of the atmosphere, rivers, groundwater and soil from chemical, bacteriological and petroleum pollutants. Technological solutions used in cement plants, sewage treatment plants, municipal waste dumps, drinking water intakes and gas stations are presented.

The course lasts 6 days. The course is a school of "comprehensive environmental thinking". It shows the interrelationships between different elements of the environment: geological structure, vegetation cover, and human industrial or agricultural activities. Exercises include 3 exercise blocks led by three different specialists from the Faculty of Geology at the University of Warsaw, botany specialists from Geonatura Kielce (Botanical Garden), hydrogeology from the State Geological Institute-PiB Branch in Kielce, and specialists responsible for environmental protection at industrial plants visited on site. Three topics are pursued simultaneously: (1) geology, (2) botany and (3) environmental protection.

Geology:

(a) macroscopic description of rocks;

(b) recognition of basic tectonic structures: anticline, syncline, fold, fault, stratigraphic unconformity;

(c) assessing the relationship of relief to geological structure;

d) performing basic field documentation (drawings, map locations, geological cross sections, geological profiles);

e) acquisition of elementary knowledge of stratigraphy, sedimentology, tectonics, mineralogy, and methods of recognizing fossil environments of carbonate and clastic sediment formation.

An additional effect of the course activities is to learn about the geological structure of selected regions of the Holy Cross Mountains.

The following quarries and natural rock outcrops are visited:

(a) Triassic sandstones in Tumlin,

b) the contact of Devonian limestone and Permo-Triassic clastic formations in Jaworznia,

(c) the contact of Devonian and Permian formations in the Chęciny anticline,

(d) Cambrian quartzitic sandstones on Łysica (Main Range of the Łysogóry Mountains),

(e) Conglomerates of Permian age on Czerwona Góra,

(f) Upper Jurassic limestone and marls at the Małogoszcz quarry, and the environments of their formation;

(g) Cambrian shale and loess cover in the Zgora Range.

(h) Geological heritage lecture at Geonatura Kielce - Geoeducation Center.

Botany: presentation of selected types of plant communities (natural and anthropogenic), characteristic of the Chęciny and Łysogóry subregion of the Świętokrzyskie Mountains Land, among others:

(a) xerothermic grasslands (the "Zelejowa Mountain" and "Rzepka Mountain" reserves near Chęciny);

b) light oak (the Korzeckowskie Fringe Range near Chęciny);

(c) pine forests, mixed forests and oak-hornbeam (near Chęciny);

(d) acidophilous beech forests and fertile mountain beech (Bald Mountain range);

(e) swamp forest and peat bogs

(f) rocky communities (the Bald Mountain range);

(g) segetal and ruderal synanthropic communities (Chęciny area).

Environmental protection: discussion of environmental hazard problems associated with, among other things:

(a) the exploitation and processing of rocks by the cement and lime plants in Trzuskawica;

(b) the threat to the drinking water intake in Bialogon by petroleum products.

In addition, modern methods of preventing environmental pollution are presented using the example of the municipal wastewater treatment plant for Kielce in Sitkówka-Nowiny. Company "Hydrogeotechnika" in Kielce: presentation of modern methods of treatment of waters polluted with oil-derived substances.

BRÓŻ, E. 1986. Projektowany rezerwat leśny Grzywy Korzeckowskie w Górach Świętokrzyskich. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą, 42 (1), 23-37.

BRÓŻ, E. 1988. Walory geobotaniczne wybranych rezerwatów przyrody nieożywionej w Górach Świętokrzyskich oraz problemy ich ochrony. Chrońmy Przyrodę Ojczystą, 44 (2), 18-34.

BRÓŻ, E. 2006. Czerwony zielnik świętokrzyski. Teraz, 14-15. Kielce.

CHLEBOWSKI, R., LINDNER, L. 1975. Wpływ podłoża na skład minerałów ciężkich głównych wysp lessowych NW części Wyżyny Małopolskiej. Acta Geologica Polonica, 25 (1), 163-178.

CHLEBOWSKI, R., LINDNER, L. 1989. Weathering processes of the pleistocene periglacial environments and origin of loess. In: A. BARTO-KYRIAKIDIS [Copy Editor]: Weathering; its Products and Deposits, 1. Processes. 439-456. Theophrastus publications S.A.; Zographou, Athens, Greece.

CIEŚLIŃSKI, S. KOWALKOWSKI, A. (Red.) 2000. Monografia Świętokrzyskiego Parku Narodowego, 629 pp. Świętokrzyski Park Narodowy; Bodzentyn – Kraków.

GRADZIŃSKI, R., GĄGOL, J., ŚLĄCZKA, A. 1979. The Tumlin Sandstone (Holy Cross Mts., Central Poland): Lower Triassic deposits of aeolian dunes and interdune areas. Acta Geologica Polonica, 29, 151-176.

KOWALSKI, B.J. (Red.) 2000. Geologia i geomorfologia Gór Świętokrzyskich – kontrowersje i nowe spojrzenie. Prace Instytutu Geografii Wyższej Szkoły Pedagogicznej w Kielcach, 4, pp.1-269. Kielce.

KUTEK, J., GŁAZEK, J. 1972. The Holy Cross Mountains in the Alpine Cycle. Acta Geologica Polonica, 22 (4), 603-653.

LINDNER, L. 1977. Zlodowacenia plejstoceńskie w zachodniej części Gór Świętokrzyskich. Studia Geologica Polonica, 53, 1-143.

MATYJA, B.A., GUTOWSKI, J. WIERZBOWSKI, A. 1989. The open shelf-carbonate platform succession at the Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian boundary in the SW margin of the Holy Cross Mts: stratigraphy, facies and ecological implications. Acta Geologica Polonica, 39 (1-4), 29-52.

RUBINOWSKI, Z. (Red.) 1974. Badania i udostępnienie jaskini Raj, pp. 1-215. Wydanie 1. Kieleckie SZAFER W., ZARZYCKI K. 1972. Szata roślinna Polski. 2. Kraina Świętokrzyska, pp. 136-149. Towarzystwo Naukowe. Wydawnictwa Geologiczne; Warszawa.

SZULCZEWSKI M. 1977. Główne regiony facjalne w paleozoiku Gór Świętokrzyskich. Przegląd Geologiczny, 25, 428-432.

ŻUREK, S. 2001. Rezerwat torfowiskowy „Białe Ługi”. 268 pp. Wydawnictwo Homini; Kraków.

WRÓBLEWSKI, T. 2000. Ochrona georóżnorodności w Regionie Świętokrzyskim (z mapą chronionych obszarów i obiektów przyrody nieożywionej 1:200000). 88 pp. + 1 Mapa. Ministerstwo Ochrony Środowiska i Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny.

Więcej literatury z zakresu geologii Gór Świętokrzyskich znajduje się na stronie http://www.geo.uw.edu.pl/home.geo/igp_historyczna/index.htm

Student:

- describes physical, chemical, biological and geological phenomena occurring in nature,

- understands the relationships and interrelationships between different disciplines of natural sciences, especially the relationship between animate and inanimate nature,

- knows the history of the Earth and characterizes the processes of the biosphere, explains the geological, geomorphological, hydrological and climatic conditions of the functioning of nature,

- describes nature as a set of cognitive, economic, aesthetic and educational values,

- understands the relationship between the environment, human health, culture and socioeconomic conditions,

- defines environmental problems on a global, regional and local scale,

- lists and discusses mechanisms for the emergence of economic consumptive and productive pressures on the environment,

- identifies measurement systems and techniques and knows procedures related to environmental monitoring,

- recognizes, based on keys and other available tools, elements of animate and inanimate nature.

Form of credit written multiple-choice test, for a grade. The test consists of three parts: I. Geology, II. Botany, III. Environmental Protection. There are a total of 30 questions (3x10). The prerequisite for admission to the test is 100% attendance (except when excused by sick leave) and engagement in class. In the event of failing the test (i.e., receiving a failing grade), the student writes an individual revision paper (essay) on a topic of his choice from the course. Sample essay topics are provided by the course coordinator. You can propose your own topic. By the end of June, the title of the revision essay of your choice must be submitted to the Course Manager. If two people submit the same topic - priority is given to the person who reserved it earlier. Topics are related to selected issues presented in the course. They require an independent literature search and a comprehensive study of the problem. They can be the beginning of a future bachelor's thesis. Completed papers should be submitted to the Secretariat of the MSEE by the deadline of the September revision session. After checking, grades will be entered in USOS.

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Not required.